Extraction out of overt anaphora: Korean kule(h) 'so' versus English so

Abstract

This paper examines some novel phenomena of extraction out of overt anaphora such as Korean kule(h)- 'so' and English so. These anaphora allegedly have a grammatical role of substituting for several different syntactic constituents such as VP, AP, AdvP, TP, or CP alone or together with the Korean light verb ha- 'do' or the English one do or copula be. We show that Korean kule(h)- 'so' allows for an extraction out of it when the extraction is an instance of A-movement, but the English counterpart so does not. We submit the thesis that this contrast essentially follows from the so-called multiple Spec hypothesis (cf. Kuroda (1988)). Korean allows multiple Spec's, but English does not. Specifically, the Spec position of the light verb is an exit for the extraction out of the VP to be substituted for by the VP anaphora. This position can be taken advantage of by Korean with the multiple Spec strategy, but not by English without it. Furthermore, the extraction out of the kuleh- 'so' anaphora renders support to Lasnik's (1999) proposal that A-movement, unlike A-bar movement, does not necessarily leave a trace/copy.