Development of Polymer Coacersome Structure with Enhanced Colloidal Stability for Therapeutic Protein Delivery

Abstract

Poly(ethylene arginyl aspartate diglyceride) (PEAD) polycation is widely used to prepare coacervate particles by electrostatic complexation with an anionic heparin (HEP) in aqueous environments, for controlled release of therapeutic proteins. However, coacervate complexes aggregate randomly due to particle-particle charge interactions. Herein, a new term "coacersome" is introduced to represent a stable polyplex formed by complexation of mPEGylated PEAD and HEP. Methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-b-cationic PEAD diblock copolymers are synthesized and complexed with HEP to create a stable "coacersome" structure. Water-soluble mPEG moiety assembles on the surface of coacersomes in aqueous conditions and creates a steric barrier to avoid aggregation of coacersomes. The coacersomes are able to maintain their initial spherical morphology and size for longer durations in the presence of competing ions, such as 0.3 m NaCl. Additionally, the coacersomes exhibit biocompatibility toward human dermal fibroblasts, a high loading efficiency (>96%) for encapsulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and a sustained release profile up to 28 days. The BMP-2-loaded coacersomes further exhibit increased osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The developed coacersome structures have the potential to be utilized as effective carriers for therapeutic protein delivery.