Light-Mediated Electrification Enabled Noncontact Mode Quasi-2D Perovskite Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Motion Detection

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the demand for durable, self-powered systems that can simultaneously harvest energy and sense environmental stimuli. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant attention for their versatility in harnessing various environmental energy sources. However, conventional TENGs suffer from interfacial wear and lack photoresponsiveness, limiting their wide applicability. We report a photoenhanced, noncontact TENG based on quasi-2D perovskite (PVK) that combines robust stability and modulated output performance under light illumination. The vertically oriented quasi-2D PVK architecture facilitates balanced carrier mobility, enabling efficient charge generation, transport, and accumulation. Operated in a noncontact configuration, the device eliminates mechanical degradation, maintaining structural and functional integrity under thermal stress at 80 degrees C and prolonged operation. Under illumination, light-mediated electrification boosts output by 75%, validating the synergistic interaction between optical and mechanical inputs. The device further functions as a self-powered sensor, capable of detecting both regular and irregular motions with enhanced sensitivity under light. This design strategy overcomes the durability-efficiency trade-off that has long constrained TENG development and establishes quasi-2D PVKs as a promising platform for resilient, self-powered systems. These findings open new pathways for adaptive energy harvesting and integrated sensing for the future connected society.