Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Mechano-Electrochemical Generator for Ultralow-Frequency Ocean Wave Monitoring

Abstract

Ultralow-frequency waves contain crucial information related to natural disasters; however, conventional technologies are limited in their ability to measure them accurately. To address this challenge, a novel vertically aligned CNT mechano-eletrochemical generator is proposed that generates electrical energy via fluctuation in the electrode-electrolyte interface. This generator utilizes ion movement based on electrochemical interactions, enabling it to generate electrical energy even in ultralow-frequency environments like ocean waves. In addition, the direct contact between the electrolyte and CNTs prevents signal degradation or distortion caused by packaging, allowing the precise detection of complex waveforms with overlapping frequencies. Given these characteristics, the generator exhibits broad applicability in complex environments, such as ocean monitoring. Furthermore, it demonstrates significant potential for future applications, such as self-powered oceanographic sensors and sustainable energy harvesting. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.