Toxicity of nitriles/amides-based products in the environment and their enzymatic bioremediation

Abstract

Nitrile and amide-based products exhibit substantial influence within our societal framework, manifesting extensive utilization. Commercial products such as Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), nylon, and pesticides containing amides and nitriles contribute to environmental pollution. These substances undergo gradual degradation and exhibit long-term persistence in the environment. In parallel, common synthetic nylon fibers in amidecontaining materials and the abrasions of nitrile gloves are now recognized as microplastic pollutants, causing disturbances and posing significant health risks. A few studies are available to indicate the bioremediation approach to these chemicals; however, scarce scientific research was found to utilize nitrile-amide-degrading enzymes to degrade NBR and polyamide. The article thoroughly examines the detrimental effects of nitriles and amides, whether they are present in isolation or as integral components of end products in commercial contexts. Further, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the perilous repercussions of nitriles and amides, shedding light on their possible dangers within the realm of both individual and commercial usage. The review showcases the scope of nitrile and amide degrading enzymes that could positively bring about the potential degradation routes of these pollutants in nature.