Design and fabrication of gold nanoparticles decorated SSM@NiCo2O4 as a binder-free electrode for solid-state symmetric supercapacitor application

Abstract

Supercapacitor phenomenon deals with the electrode surface and electrolyte, hence we have modified the surface of NiCo2O4 by depositing it on low-cost stainless steel mesh (SSM@NiCo2O4) to enhance the electrochemical properties. The thermal decomposition of gold (HAuCl4) to the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at temperature above 300 degrees C was well matched with the annealing temperature of SSM@NiCo2O4 become the center of attraction. Hence, we have decorated AuNPs on a binder-free SSM@NiCo2O4 (SSM@NiCo2O4-AuNPs) with the aid of the dip coating method followed by heat treatment. The specific capacitance of SSM@NiCo2O4-AuNPs was 1008.9 F g- 1 at a current density of 1 mA cm- 2 and is 1.6 times greater compared to SSM@NiCo2O4 (615.3 F g- 1). Specific capacitance retention after the decoration of AuNPs for 5000 GCD cycles is improved to 82.35 % (30 mA cm- 2) compared to SSM@NiCo2O4 of 72.22 % (18 mA cm- 2). Such an outcome is obtained due to improved frequency of electrode-electrolyte interaction and decreased internal resistance accompanied by AuNPs. To evaluate the practical applicability, the solid-state symmetric device, SSM@NiCo2O4-AuNPs//SSM@NiCo2O4-AuNPs is fabricated which exhibits exceptional specific capacitance of 117.74 F g- 1 (2 mA cm- 2), remarkable specific capacitance retention of 84.61 % (5000 cycles), high energy density of 59.03 Wh Kg- 1 and high power density of 5094.75 W kg- 1. Device glowed two red light emitting diodes (LED) for 227 s by charging 15 s only, demonstrating the enormous potential for the developing energy sector.