Subjective Perception Types of Older Adults Living Alone as Farmers in Korea: A Q Methodology Study

Abstract

This study explores the psychological characteristics of older adults living alone as farmers in South Korea, categorising their subjective experiences. Using Q methodology, interviews were conducted with participants from Seosan, Chungcheong Province, South Korea, on 19 and 22 June 2023. A total of 25 participants conducted Q sorting with 33 finalized Q sample items in three locations: Chungju, Chungcheong Province, on 14 July 2023; Ildong, Gyeonggi Province, on 28 July 2023; and Seosan, Chungcheong Province, on 14 August 2023. The Q sorting results were analysed using the QUANAL program and categorised into four types. Type 1, Balanced Life Pursuit, reflects satisfaction across various aspects of life, such as relationships, health, economy, and psychological wellbeing. Type 2, Independent Life and Improvement-Seeking, pursues independence but experiences loneliness due to the absence of a spouse, while still seeking to improve their life. Type 3, Relationship and Care Needed, highlights a need for relationships and care. Finally, Type 4, Family and Work-Focused, prioritises family and farming work. These findings provide a foundation for developing customised support programs to address the specific needs of different types of older adults living alone as farmers in South Korea.