현대중국어 어기부사의 주관화 과정 고찰- 다행·반문·의외류를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This analysis examined semantic, syntactic change on fluke type modal adverbs such as 亏得, 幸亏, cross-question type modal adverbs as like 难道, 何必 and unexpectedness type modal adverbs as in 居然, 竟然 in modern Chinese. fluke type modal adverbs such as 亏得, 幸亏, the meaning of ‘loss’ has moved to meaning of lack or shortage and it has been filled, and turned into meaning of sufficient. At last it has settled in the meaning of psychological stability by intervening psychological rebound reaction. Cross-question type modal adverb ‘难道’ has been altered to the meaning of ‘difficult to affirm’ from being derived the original meaning in each word ‘difficult’ and ‘refer’, currently is being used in the meaning of ‘at all or ever’ due to somewhat negative psychological mechanism. ‘何’ had already been presented negative meaning of ‘on what ground’ in ancient Chinese, ‘必’ has also been being used in meaning ‘must be done’ with no great change, ‘何必’ is in use for negative counter-question meaning of ‘on what ground should something to be done’ in modern Chinese. Lastly, unexpectedness type modal adverb ‘居然’ is currently being used in meaning of ‘unexpectedly’ in modern Chinese by setting off from it’s original meaning ‘sit’ to ‘safe’ through psychological mechanism, after extension and differentiation to ‘显然’, ‘竟然’ has been changed to ‘finally’ by going through modification in part of speech with meaning extention from it’s original meaning ‘finish’, is being used the meaning of ‘unexpectedly’ in modern Chinese.