유교사회의 불교의례: 17세기 불교 상례집의 五服制 수용을 중심으로

Abstract

After the Japanese and Manchurian invasions, the Joseon society in the seventeenth-century witnessed the intensification of the emphasis on the patriarchal clan relations, as well as the spread of Confucian rites. In the Buddhist community, which had served the Joseon court by forming monks' militia during the invasions, there appeared Buddhist clans, establishing the Linji/ Imje(臨濟) line as the orthodox dharma-lineage of Korea. In the mid-seventeenth century, a few Buddhist funeral manuals such as the Seokmun Sangui cho (釋門喪儀抄 Excerpts of Buddhist Funeral Manuals), the Seokmun garye cho (釋門家禮抄 Excerpts of the Manuals for Buddhist Rites), and the Seungga Sangui mun (僧家禮儀文 Manuals for Monastic Rites), were published to provide Buddhist funeral manuals that reflected the social reality of the time. These Buddhist funeral manuals adopted the Obokje (五服制 Five-Garment System) from the Zhuzi jiali (朱子家禮 Family Rites of Zhuzi), the system that was widely accepted in the Joseon society as a general rule of categorizing five mourning grades with an emphasis on the paternal line. As a Buddhist cleric's private property was allowed to be inherited to his secular family members and Buddhist disciples, there arose a need to clarify the degree or grade of the inheritors based on the genealogical-both secular and monastic-distance to the deceased, which subsequently prompted the appearance of such Buddhist mourning manuals. This was because the genealogical succession and economic inheritance of Buddhist clans were directly linked to the preservation of the Buddhist order and the operation of the temple(s) involved.