Lipid decomposition by sonic vibration in matured 3T3-L1 cells within 3-Dimensional artificial adipose

Abstract

Adipocytes play an important role in lipid homoeostasis through triglyceride storage. Preadipocytes are undifferentiated fibroblasts that can be stimulated to form adipocytes. Mechanical stimulation has been shown to be an effective means of treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, there is evidence that vibration has anabolic effects and may act as an instructive cellular effector. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sonic vibration (SV) on lipid decomposition in mature 3T3-L1 cells within a 3-Dimensional (3D) sponge-type artificial adipose. Under the induction of adipogenic differentiation, preadipocytes were matured. The preadipocyte like 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes and acquired the lipid droplet appearance of adipose cells. After adipogenic maturation was induced in 3T3-L1 cells for 2 days, the cultured 3D artificial adipose was subjected to SV treatment for 1 h, three times per day. The sizes of the lipid droplets in the control matured cells were found to be larger than those found in the cells exposed to SV. Lipid droplet size was affected when SV was applied at voltages of 3.5 and 5.1 V. However, 5.1 V was found to be a more effective stimulus in decreasing lipid droplet size. The glycerol content released was increased by 20.5 and 25.5% at SV voltages of 3.5 and 5.1 V, respectively. During the decomposition of lipids, changes in the regulation of the expression of many genes occur. One protein encoded by some of these genes is hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which has traditionally been considered the key lipolytic enzyme in adipocytes. In this study, the expression of HSL was increased at both experimental SV voltages. These results suggest that mechanical SV could stimulate lipolytic processes as part of a safe and non-invasive procedure.