Innovative nanozymes: emerging platforms for efficient pesticide detection

초록

The effective and timely detection of pesticide residues is crucial as these toxic chemical residues have several effects on humans and the environment. Owing to the increasing need for the development of detection systems, analytical sensing technologies have attracted considerable research interest. Substantial research advancements have been made in analytical chemistry, nanozymes, and materials chemistry for the detection of pesticides. A relatively innovative sensing strategy that has gained widespread attention is based on the natural enzyme-mimicking catalytic property of nanomaterials, commonly referred to as nanozyme activity. The properties of nanozymes make them highly promising sensing materials for the precise determination of pesticides, offering low detection limits, wide linear ranges, excellent selectivity, and high sensitivity. Apart from enhancing sensing performance, these characteristics can facilitate the design of versatile sensing platforms that integrate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescence transduction procedures. In this review, we provide a critical overview of nanozymes for pesticide detection, encompassing their material compositions, strategies for activity enhancement, output signals, and methodologies. The advances made in nanozyme-based colorimetric, electrochemical, SERS, and fluorescence sensing strategies for the sensitive detection of pesticides are discussed. Furthermore, the strategic advantages and detailed mechanisms for the detection of pesticides are outlined. The working principles and salient features of various nanozyme-based sensors to enhance the sensing efficiency are also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and potential strategies for overcoming the associated limitations are discussed to realize the full potential of nanozyme-based optical and electrochemical sensors.

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