조선시대 북한산과 불교의 연고: 사찰과 산성 승군을 중심으로

초록

Relationship between Mt. Bukhan and Buddhism during the Joseon Period: Focusing on Temples and Monks’ Militia on the Mountain Kim, Yongtae Mount Bukhan (北漢山) surrounds the northern part of Seoul divided by the Han River. The mountain came to be related to Buddhism from the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Mt. Bukhan served as the foothold of Buddhist faith and culture in the subsequent Unified Silla and Goryeo periods as temples began to be founded there. This study examines the relationship that the major temples on Mt. Bukhan had with the king as it became one of the prominent mountains of the southern capital of Goryeo. The study also confirms that some temples on Mt. Bukhan, including Jin’gwansa (津寬寺), well-known for suryukche (water-land ritual 水陸齋), functioned as a cradle for royal-family Buddhism during Joseon. Above all, this research examines the relationship between Mt. Bukhan and Buddhism, focusing on the major temples on the mountain. After the militia activities during the Japanese invasions, the Buddhist community needed to find a new way of survival. The state decided to use the monks within the state system of the military and corvee (i.e., unpaid) labor duty while legally recognizing the existence of monks and temples. The military duty on the Buddhist community began for the defense of Mt. Namhan fortress in the early 17th century. This was expanded as Mt. Bukhan fortress was constructed in 1711 and fortress temples built. Specifically, this study investigates the management and operation of the monks’ militia on Mt. Bukhan that would defend Seoul in the process of the expansion of the monk state duty, as well as the activities and achievements of Gyepa Seongneung (桂坡聖能), the first supreme militia commander of the eight provinces (paldo dochongseop). Considering the relationship of Mt. Bukhan area with Buddhism diachronically, this research reflects on the traditional Buddhist cultural value and historical meaning of Mt. Bukhan.

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