존 스튜어트 밀의 관용론 재구성: 발화 가능성 조건으로서의 관용

초록

This paper reconstructs John Stuart Mill’s concept of toleration by moving beyond autonomy-centered interpretations and reframing it as a condition of speakability. While traditional liberalism has understood toleration as a principle that protects the choices of autonomous individuals, this approach fails to adequately account for the processes through which individual character and judgment are formed within social relations. Drawing on Mill’s notions of inner cultivation and sympathy, this study interprets toleration as a relational practice that simultaneously constitutes both individual self-formation and the social conditions of speech. In particular, the paper redefines freedom not as a mere right, but as the social condition under which meaningful speech becomes possible. On this basis, toleration is presented as a core principle that structures the conditions of expressive possibility. Accordingly, toleration is understood not as passive forbearance, but as a developmental structure that mediates the expansion of experience, the formation of judgment, the deepening of individuality, and the realization of happiness.

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