일제 말기 여주 지역의 전시동원체제 형성과 군사동원 피해

초록

This study examines the formation and expansion of the wartime mobilization system in Yeoju during the final years of Japanese colonial rule and analyzes its connection to actual military mobilization and human losses. As an agricultural area, Yeoju was incorporated into the wartime economy as an important supplier of rice and other resources. Material mobilization was accompanied by the organization of local residents through administrative offices, police networks, and state-sponsored organizations. Yeoju also presents a notable case of early labor mobilization. In 1938, before the Government-General of Korea established a standardized system for the Labor Patriotic Movement, a Labor Patriotic Corps (Geunro Bogukdan) was organized in Yeoju on the basis of existing youth associations. Its organization subsequently served as a precedent for the expansion of similar groups elsewhere in Gyeonggi Province. During the 1940s, public Youth Training Centers were also planned in several townships of Yeoju. Using existing schools and local administrative networks, these institutions provided military drills and ideological education for young men and constituted an important part of the infrastructure that prepared them for wartime mobilization. To examine the consequences of this system, the study analyzes the Japanese Army's Rusu Meibo (留守名簿). A total of 572 records list Yeoju as the registered domicile, while 504 individuals can be identified after duplicate entries with the same name and date of birth are removed from records for which birth dates are available. Of the total records, 231 are associated with military units outside the Korean Peninsula. Thirty-eight individuals are recorded as having died, of whom 32 died in the South Pacific, South Seas, or the Philippines. Particularly striking are twenty deaths connected to transport labor under the Palau branch of the Third Shipping Transport Command. These findings demonstrate how a wartime mobilization system embedded in local administration, youth organizations, and educational institutions ultimately extended into the military mobilization of local residents across the Japanese Empire and resulted in significant human losses.

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