영국의 신성장전략과 규제법제의 주요 쟁점 및 시사점

초록

With the development of the Internet industry in the 2000s and the rapid growth of the artificial intelligence industry since 2020, the previous regulatory laws have led to conflicts and disputes in new industries, and as industrial development has become a phenomenon of competition among countries, new growth strategies have been developed through the application of promotion laws or new forms of regulatory laws. New industrial strategies and regulatory jurisprudence began with the preparation of promising industries and promotion strategies in each country, and were introduced into the legislative process with certain differences between countries. The European Union's Horizon Europe, the UK and Japan's Moonshot, Germany's High-Tech Strategy and France's France 2030 projects are examples of such programs. The UK has the third largest number of unicorn startups after the US and China, and ranks first among 54 countries in the Global Artificial Intelligence Index. Traditionally based on unwritten regulations, the UK is trying to promote new industries and establish a rational regulatory strategy by proposing regulatory theories for new industries, such as principle-oriented regulation and outcomeoriented regulation. Accordingly, this article reviews the main policy directions and contents of the UK's new industry regulatory innovation response strategy, the regulatory theory of new industries, and the main issues and governance in terms of the regulatory legal system, based on research on the characteristics and main contents of the UK's research and innovation strategy. To summarize the implications of the UK's new industrial strategy regulatory regime in the context of the discussion in this article, we summarize the following First, the UK has a government-centered policy to foster new industries. In 2017, the UK government selected specific key issues, such as a digital ID system, one-login tax and welfare services, and data-driven healthcare, and proposed a plan to transform the regulatory framework for these projects. In the 2017 Industrial Strategy Green Paper, the national goal was to become a leader in the digital economy, and the specific goals were to improve digital infrastructure, access to digital technologies, support digital business innovation and start-ups, drive business digitization, ensure online safety, expand digital government, and publish a digital strategy. The proposed 2021 UK Innovation Strategy identifies artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, cybersecurity, and highperformance computing as seven priority technologies for investment. As in the UK case, the government's selection of key themes for the new industrial strategy is significant in that it suggests the country's innovation strategy and direction in industrial development. In particular, policy documents such as the Strategy Green Paper are significant in that they guide the preparation of legislation necessary for the new growth strategy, including digital transformation and industrial promotion. Second, the UK government views artificial intelligence as a key issue related to new industries, and is preparing a policy system that matches the stage of artificial intelligence deployment. The roadmap divided the stages of AI development into the first phase (2017-2019), the second phase (2020-2021), and the third phase (2021 and beyond), and proposed the policy measures needed for each stage. To stimulate the AI ecosystem, the report suggests securing the semiconductor supply chain, researching model datasets for the government, and preparing regulatory innovation measures. In addition, the report advocates promoting the reliability, usability, and transparency of AI technology to spread AI, and suggests gathering stakeholder opinions, supporting governance in pursuit of common values, and establishing ethics and safety guidelines for the public sector. The 2018 AI Sector Deal proposed key measures for AI policy, including expanding research and development, strengthening access to data, developing human resources, promoting the use of AI, and coordinating policies. The 2020 National Data Strategy proposes strengthening infrastructure, technology use, availability, and accountability as strategies for data use. The 2022 Digital Strategy proposes upgrading networks, promoting data policies, improving regulatory systems, and strengthening data security to build a digital foundation. The implementation of artificial intelligence is an important area that is developing regardless of industry, field, or region, so it is important for Korea to categorize the development stage of artificial intelligence by time and present strategic action tasks by stage, as in the case of the United Kingdom. Thirdly, a roadmap for UK R&D support to 2021 was published in relation to the overall new industrial policy direction. The roadmap proposed the main tasks of "solving the most pressing problems in our society, solving social or economic problems through research" and improving the quality of life of the British people and humanity through technological development. As a way to solve important problems, the Moonshot philosophy was proposed to be practiced, and support was proposed to improve "humanity's challenges" through innovation in science and technology. Through COVID-19, the need for intensive R&D through the selection of national challenges in various new industrial policies has increased, such as vaccine development in the bio field, natural language processing technology in the AI field, and robotics technology. The UK's Moonshot Project is an important example of how science and technology innovation strategies to solve humanity's challenges can be focused rather than all-encompassing, and can be an important reference for Korea.

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