운동부하검사 후 심박수 회복 반응에 영향을 미치는 요인의 성별 차이 분석

초록

This study aimed to analyze sex differences in heart rate recovery(HRR%) across age groups and to identify sex-specific factors influencing HRR% in adults aged 20 to 40 years. A graded exercise test(GXT) was performed, and HRR% was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes post-exercise. HRR% is defined as the percentage representing how quickly heart rate returns toward resting values after exercise, calculated as the proportion of heart rate reduction from exercise termination to each recovery time point(1, 2, and 3 minutes) relative to the distance that must be recovered to reach resting heart rate. The study included 133 men and 94 women. Body composition was assessed using the InBody J30, and all participants performed the Bruce protocol until voluntary exhaustion. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23, including descriptive statistics, normality testing(Shapiro-Wilk test), independent t-tests, and multiple regression analyses, with the significance level set at p<.05. Across all age groups in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, men(51.60±7.16) had significantly higher maximal oxygen uptake than women(42.77±5.74, p<.001). Women in their 20s and 30s showed significantly higher heart rate recovery(HRR%) than men(p<.05), while no sex differences in HRR% were observed in the 40s. In men, HRR1% tended to increase with age(partial r=.164, p<.05), resting heart rate(partial r=.331, p<.001), and maximal heart rate(partial r=.170, p<.05), and decrease with mean heart rate(partial r=-.334, p<.001). HRR2% increased with age(partial r=.205, p<.01), maximal oxygen uptake(partial r=.177, p<.05), and resting heart rate(partial r=.364, p<.001), and decreased with mean heart rate(partial r=-.291, p<.001). HRR3% increased with age(partial r=.232, p<.001), maximal oxygen uptake(partial r=.235, p<.001), and resting heart rate(partial r=.426, p<.001), and decreased with mean heart rate(partial r=-.261, p<.001). In women, HRR1% tended to increase as mean heart rate decreased(partial r=-.375, p<.001). HRR2% increased with resting heart rate(partial r=.268, p<.01) and decreased with mean heart rate(partial r=-.338, p<.001), while HRR3% increased with resting heart rate(partial r=.288, p<.01) and decreased with mean heart rate(partial r=-.277, p<.01). These findings suggest that sex-specific interpretations are necessary when analyzing HRR%, and highlight the need for future studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HRR responses by incorporating physiological data from daily activities as well as during exercise.

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