화두참구에 기반한 현대인의 실존적 문제 해결 방안 모색-『서장(書狀)』과『몽산법어(蒙山法語)』를 중심으로 -

초록

The rapid advancement of technology and the expansion of materialism in contemporary society have created a new cultural environment in which reality and virtuality are interwoven, fundamentally transforming the nature of human life. Amidst these changes, modern individuals face a wide range of existential suffering, including identity confusion, isolation, emptiness, anxiety, and depression. This study examines such existential issues from the perspective of contemplative practice and explores the modern applicability of hwadu investigation as a potential solution. The study compares and analyzes the Hwadu practice systems found in Dahui Zongao's Seojang and Mongsan Deokyi's Beopgeo, and discusses how Ganhwa Seon can be expanded as a practical approach applicable to modern life. This research presents the contemporary application of hwadu investigation in three main aspects. First, it offers a transformative process of self-discovery for individuals who have lost their sense of identity due to digital addiction and confusion. Second, it addresses the root causes of relational conflict and isolation, and suggests the possibility of healing through the realization of interrelated existence. Third, through the dialogical guidance and verification process with a teacher, practitioners are encouraged to explore the fundamental nature of life while gaining therapeutic insight into emotional difficulties. In particular, the practice of posing essential questions based on hwadu and engaging in reflective inquiry serves as a form of daily contemplative practice. With proper guidance, practitioners can maintain accuracy and direction in their spiritual path. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that hwadu investigation in Ganhwa Seon can serve as a direct and practical method for addressing the existential problems of modern individuals. Furthermore, it suggests that Korean Ganhwa Seon, rather than remaining a traditional monastic practice, holds the potential to be established as a universal value capable of contributing to the global discourse on mental and spiritual well-being.

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