『청송심씨을사보(靑松沈氏乙巳譜)』의 간행과 계보적 특징: 청성백(靑城伯) 심덕부(沈德符)의 가계도(家系圖)에서 성씨별 족보로의 발전

초록

This study examines the Cheongsong Simssi Eulsabo(靑松沈氏乙巳譜), compiled in 1545, in order to analyze the formative stage of Korean genealogical writing and to clarify the process through which personal descendant records developed into collective surname-based genealogies. The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries represent an early phase in the emergence of genealogies in Korea, characterized by the scarcity of extant materials and a relatively limited degree of later editorial revision, which enhances their historical value. The study focuses on the compilation background, editorial format, and recording principles of the Eulsabo. First, it demonstrates that the publication of early genealogies was facilitated by the administrative resources of local officials and by kinship-based networks, reflecting patterns of privately initiated printing activities. Second, in terms of editorial structure, the Eulsabo adopts a linear genealogical diagram rather than the later standardized multi-tier layout, while retaining features of earlier diagrammatic records(jokdo, 族圖). This indicates its transitional character between diagrammatic lineage records and fully developed genealogies. An analysis of recording practices further shows that the genealogical logic of early genealogies does not converge into a single principle. Rather, a tradition of incorporating non-patrilineal kinship coexists with an emerging emphasis on patrilineal surname identity. While individuals of the same surname, including members of seopa(庶派, descendants of concubine-born sons), are recorded relatively extensively, non-patrilineal descendants are selectively included, with particular emphasis on lineages connected to royal consorts or socially prominent figures. This suggests that genealogical inclusion was shaped not only by kinship structure but also by considerations of social status and commemoration. In addition, although instances of gyehuja(繼後子, patrilineal adopted heirs) are attested, the absence of systematic adoption across distant kin groups, along with the limited and uneven use of generational name markers, indicates that patrilineal solidarity had not yet been fully institutionalized. These features distinguish early genealogies from the more rigidly structured lineage systems of later periods. In sum, the Eulsabo exemplifies the transitional nature of early Korean genealogies, revealing both the persistence of earlier genealogical traditions and the gradual consolidation of surname-based lineage organization. This study contributes to a reassessment of the structural characteristics of early genealogical compilation and the formation of kinship order in premodern Korea.

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