한국어 ‘(-)당하다, (-)받다’ 피동과 베트남어 ‘bị, được’ 피동의 통사·의미 대조 연구

초록

The purpose of this study is to compare the syntactic and semantic characteristics of Korean passive constructions ‘(-)danghada, (-)patda’ and Vietnamese passive constructions ‘bị, được’. Previous studies have predominantly attributed the passive meanings of these constructions to the lexical semantics of the verbs themselves rather than to syntactic derivation. Consequently, for this reason, these constructions share the common characteristic of being excluded from discussions of passivization or treated merely as lexical passives. This study adopts a prototypical approach in recognition of the fact that passivization, while a universal grammatical phenomenon, manifests in diverse language-specific forms. This approach provides an analytical framework capable of encompassing various passive constructions. First, this study re-examines the typological validity of the prototypical features of passives proposed in the prototypical approach. It then analyzes the pragmatic, semantic, morphological, and syntactic properties of the Korean ‘(-)danghada, (-)patda’ and the Vietnamese ‘bị, được’ constructions to determine the extent to which these constructions satisfy the conditions of prototypical passives and whether they can be included in the category of passive constructions. As a result, the analysis reveals that while these constructions satisfy the conditions of prototypical passives, they occasionally exhibit less prototypical characteristics. Overall, however, it is justified to categorize them as passive constructions. Drawing on corpus examples from newspapers in both languages, this study adopts a contrastive linguistic perspective to provide an explicit description of the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the Korean ‘(-)danghada, (-)patda’ and Vietnamese ‘bị, được’ passive constructions, detailing their similarities and differences. Through this contrastive analysis, the study contributes to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of passive constructions in both languages and, furthermore, to an elucidation of the universal and language-specific properties of Korean and Vietnamese passives.

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