Exploring Calcium and Copper Metals in Nanohybrid Synthesis for Enhanced Chlorophyllin Immobilization: Targeting Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAW1 through Photokilling

초록

This study investigates chlorophyllin as a natural photosensitizer for photodynamic inactivation of extensively drug-resistant (EDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAW1. Chlorophyllin was incorporated into copper-and calcium-based organic–inorganic nanohybrids, and copper phosphate emerged as the preferred host due to its stable flower-like morphology. The Chlorophyllin-Cu₃(PO₄)₂ nanohybrid retained the photoactivity of chlorophyllin and achieved complete bacterial inactivation under visible light. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the antimicrobial activity is predominantly mediated by light-induced reactive oxygen species that compromise cell membrane integrity. Control experiments confirmed negligible dark toxicity and minimal contribution from metal-ion release, supporting a primarily photokilling mechanism. These results highlight the promise of Chlorophyllin-Cu₃(PO₄)₂ nanohybrids as photoactive antimicrobial materials against the EDR bacterium. © 2026 by the authors.

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