다중장르와 AI시대 창작찬불가 고찰- 1920년대부터 2025년까지 사회·문화적 배경을 통하여 -

초록

These days, Buddhist monks are creating music using AI as part of their propagation efforts. However, in the 1920s, since the monks did not know how to compose music, they carried out Buddhist enlightenment movements by setting Buddhist lyrics to the melodies of military songs and Japanese pop songs popular at the time. Modern composed Buddhist hymns of Korea originated with monks who were studying abroad in Japan. Their composition of Buddhist hymns was influenced by Japan’s religious policies, which actively embraced modernization and Westernization, as well as by the Western-style Buddhist hymn movement. The phenomenon of simply changing lyrics to existing melodies—commonly known as “Nogaba”—has occurred throughout music history worldwide. In Korean music history, for instance, Goryeo-era folk songs were given lyrics praising the Joseon royal family, eventually evolving into today’s Jongmyo Jeryeak. Similarly, this practice can be seen in Japanese Buddhist hymns and Christian hymns as well. When Venerable Jeongmuk published a collection of Buddhist hymns in 1948, he removed Venerable Johakyu’s piece “The feeling under a Jambuna tree” which had set Buddhist lyrics to a Japanese popular song. This decision was made immediately after Korea’s liberation, at a time when anti-Japanese sentiment was at its peak. However, with the rise of Korean culture (K-culture) on the global stage today, we have gained greater composure and can now view this matter with more generosity. Looking back into history, Japanese Buddhism began with Baekje, and the Buddhism of Goguryeo and Unified Silla formed the roots of their Buddhist culture. In light of this long history, setting Korean Buddhist lyrics to Japanese popular songs was merely a temporary transitional phase. In the 21st century, various music genres, including popular music, coexist. In Korea, a richly diverse landscape of Buddhist music is unfolding, encompassing not only monks chanting in hip-hop style but also celebrities singing songs like "Buddha Handsome. In the upcoming AI era, music listeners will become creators themselves. In the global era brought about by the advancement of digital information and technology, it is necessary to have a balanced sense of identity and uniqueness of Korean Buddhist music, along with its timeliness and universality that can resonate with people worldwide. “To achieve this, it is necessary to maintain a broad perspective while highlighting the distinctive features of each genre in detail, and furthermore, to shift awareness toward a new paradigm in content protection and international copyright.”

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