빠알리어 경어 복수형의 용법과 변천:『자얏디사 자따까(Jayaddisa Jātaka)』의 용례를 중심으로

초록

There is a distinctive usage of plurals(bahuvacana) in Pāli which has been under-researched in the field: honorific plurals. This paper introduces textual evidence for early knowledge on the subject by citing Dhammapāla’s commentaries as well as the Rūpasiddhi and the Saddanīti. In characterizing Mūla and Aṭṭhakathāusages of honorific plurals, passages from the Jayaddisa Jātaka in the Jātakatthavaṇṇanā prove to be representative since they contain honorific plurals in first person, which are predominant in canonical texts, and honorific plurals of the second person pronoun unique to post-canonical texts. The latter is found in multitude in the Milindapañha and several commentaries, whereas the former is distributed sparsely across the canonical body. Evidences suggests that the second person pronoun honorific plurals in second person pronouns had likely been grammaticalized by the time when Milindapañha was composed and continued to be applied frequently by the early commentators such as Buddhaghosa, Dhammapāla and the author of the Jātakatthavaṇṇanā. Herein, this chronological development is examined using pericopes set in various pragmatic contexts. Since a detailed academic discussion of the subject has been lacking, most examples and analyses presented in this paper are new and therefore should contribute to enhancing our understanding of honorific plurals in Pāli.

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