젠더화된 조직 환경과 여군 대상 성희롱 및 괴롭힘의 위험 요인

초록

Despite the expansion of women’s roles in the Korean military since the 1990s, there has been limited studies on the impact of a gendered environment on the experiences of sexual harassment and other abusive behaviors among female officers. Using Gender Organization Theory as a guiding framework, we examined data from the "2024 Survey on the Human Rights Situation of Female Military Personnel" to investigate the risk factors for sexual harassment and bullying against military women in the Korean military. Specifically, using a sample of 1,229 female officers, we examined recent instances of violence and abuse experienced by recently enlisted personnel. Both bullying and sexual harassment were not rare occurrences, with at least 13.8% and 14.2% of female officers reporting at least one incident of bullying or sexual harassment in the previous three years. Our study found that perceived workplace bias and injustices were associated with bullying (IRR=1.038, p<.001) and sexual harassment (IRR=1.027, p<.05). Likewise, the lack of features and facilities taking into consideration the needs of female staff (IRR=.897, p<.01 and IRR=.915, p<.01) as well as experiences of work-unrelated discrimination (IRR=1.064, p<.001 and IRR=1.081, p<.001) were found to be significant risk factors for bullying and sexual harassment, respectively. These findings support that sexual violence against female military personnel occurs not merely as interpersonal deviance but within structural conditions combining male-centered organizational culture and routine discrimination. Accordingly, our study discusses the need for measures fostering a work environment that is more receptive to military women, as well as the need to look into the bureaucratic policies that covertly contribute to the preservation of gender inequalities.

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