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초록

In recent decades, energy storage systems have garnered a huge amount of interest for the applications of electric vehicles, wearable devices, and much more. The manganese dioxide (MnO2) material, typically a pseudocapacitive material, has been extensively studied due to its various morphologies with better electrochemical performance, rate capability, and thermal and chemical properties. The two-dimensional (2D) morphology of MnO2 is the best way to obtain a large number of active sites, surface area, ion mobility, and an increased conductivity value which ultimately results in enhanced performance of supercapacitors (SCs). This study analyzes the morphology of the material. Also, the combination of MnO2 composites with some electroactive materials comprising metal oxides, hydroxides, polymers, carbonaceous materials, etc. is discussed. Eventually, the challenges and perspectives are provided to improve the MnO2 structure's performance in yielding efficient SCs. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

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