구미 대둔사 아미타불상 복장 수습 발원문들과 고려후기 득익사의 성립과정

초록

In this paper, we examined the content and participants of the three Vow Texts recovered from the reliquary (bokjang) of the Dry-lacquered Amitabha Buddha statue at Daedunsa Temple in Gumi, and based on this, contemplated the chronological relationship between the Vow Texts and the process of the formation of Deukik-sa Society. The Amitabha Buddha Reliquary Vow is from August 1295, when the dry-lacquered Amitabha Buddha statue was enshrined as the principal deity of Deukik-sa Society. Its content reflects a self-directed faith that vows to save all sentient beings to attain enlightenment by taking Amitabha Buddha as a model rather than the common other-power belief that seeks rebirth in the Pure Land relying on the Buddha’s power. Over 110 monks and lay devotees participated and signed it; while the identities of the monks whose deeds are confirmed are unknown, the lay participants include high-ranking officials at the level of minister, as well as numerous other officials and women holding official titles. The Amitabha Fraternity Vow contains an appeal by the monks, upon forming a Hyangdo (Fraternity), urging the participation of many people, including lay believers. The core of this fraternity's belief emphasizes rebirth in the Pure Land through the recitation of Amitabha's name. About 100 people, including monks and lay devotees, participated, but no one with specific known historical deeds is confirmed. The Dragon-flower Assembly Vow is a text that combines the Maitreya's Descent belief and the One-Vehicle Bodhisattva belief. Over 400 people participated, including approximately 170 monks, as well as numerous officials and their families. Although the composition dates of the Amitabha Hyangdo Vow and the Dragon-flower Assembly Vow are not specified, their content suggests they were written earlier than the Amitabha Buddha Reliquary Vow. Furthermore, between the two, the Dragon-flower Assembly Vow is thought to precede the Amitabha Hyangdo Vow. Based on this, the establishment of Deukik-sa Society is presumed to have occurred as follows: first, a religious gathering based on Maitreya belief was formed and developed; subsequently, some members within that group showed interest in Amitabha belief, forming a new Amitabha Hyangdo; and this group is estimated to have gradually expanded and developed into Deukik-sa Society. Cheon-go (天杲), the chief proponent of the Amitabha Buddha Reliquary Vow, participated in all three Vow texts.

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