중진국 함정과 성장의 제약

초록

This study investigates the discussion on the middle-income trap by analyzing the factors differentiating the income groups from the perspective of growth constraints. This study selects various indicators in areas such as macroeconomic management, trade and openness, infrastructure, human capital, industrial and trade structures, and laws and institutions to examine differences in countries by income group divided into low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income. According to the empirical results of this study, the factors that determine the difference between each income group show they are changing as income increases. At the level of low-income countries, the previously discussed factors such as investment, infrastructure, and industrial structure are important. However, institutional aspects such as government effectiveness becomes more important as income level rises. In particular, in order to become a high-income country, macroeconomic management, laws and institutions, environment, and income equality become more important. It suggests that comprehensive factors such as macroeconomic management, governance, environment and social equality should be discussed rather than narrowly defined industrial competitiveness.

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