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초록

The development of cost-effective catalysts through facile methodology continues to garner significant attention, attributed to their synergistically modified electronic structures, increased exposure to active sites, and enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity. This study presents a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst synthesized via the hydrothermal hybridization of perovskite oxide (SrFeO3) with carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide (SFO@CNT/rGO). The optimized SFO@CNT/rGO hybrid exhibited exceptional water-splitting capabilities, realizing small overpotentials of 290 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 41 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which represented significant advancements over pure SFO, SFO@rGO, and SFO@CNT configurations. Further, the SFO@CNT/rGO system achieved a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an operating voltage of 1.54 V and maintained exceptional operational stability over 100 h for the complete water splitting. The enhanced electrochemical kinetics offer synergistic improvements in reduced charge-transfer resistance, oxygen vacancy-mediated catalytic behaviour, and optimized redox kinetics at the perovskite-carbon interfaces. © 2026 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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