淸末 奉天 鄕鎭治安體系의 재편과 지역 엘리트의 동향

초록

This article examines the reconfiguration of rural security institutions in the environs of Fengtian (Mukden) in the late Qing, focusing on the transition from baojia and tuanlian to xiangzhen xun jing (rural police) and yubei xun jing (reserve police), and on the resulting transformation of relations between the local state and rural elites. Using administrative regulations and local newspapers, it shows that a layered and transitional structure emerged in which the traditional “baojia–tuanlian” framework was superimposed by “xiangzhen xun jing–yubei xun jing.” The Fengtian authorities sought to extend state power below the county level into village society through rural police and reserve police, but constraints in manpower and finance compelled them to delegate the collection and management of moujuan (acreage-based levies) to local elites serving as zhujì and shoujuan dongshi, thus adopting an “officially supervised, gentry-managed” (guanduxinban) arrangement. As a result, while rural police constituted the lowest formal tier of state administration, in practice they were vulnerable to being captured and run by local elites, and conflicts over corruption and embezzlement in tax collection became frequent between the government and elites, as well as among elites themselves. The reserve police, created by reorganizing baofang and tuanlian, both supplemented regular police forces and supplied new power resources to selected local elites, concentrating security authority in their hands. By highlighting these dynamics, the article revises the prevailing “expansion of gentry power” thesis and elucidates the complex interplay of cooperation and tension through which state and local elites reshaped rural power structures in late Qing Manchuria.

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