부여 왕흥사지 출토 창건 수막새의 재검토

초록

The Wangheungsa Temple site is a Buddhist temple established in 577 by King Wideok of Baekje in memory of his deceased son. This study reexamines the typological classification and production chronology of roof end tiles excavated from the temple precinct and tile kiln site at the site of Wangheungsa Temple in Buyeo, Korea. Previous research identified two main groups—triangular-projection types combined with flat-based ridge tiles and circular-projection types combined with stepped ridge tiles—and emphasized their similarity to the Hoshigumi and Hanagumi tiles of Asukadera in Japan. However, this study confirms that the circular-projection type ① can be further divided into three subtypes (A, B, and C), distinguished by differences in mold damage on the lotus petal patterns, structural variations in the base and medallion, and differences in their attachment to stepped ridge tiles. These findings suggest that at least three distinct wooden tile molds were used, indicating cooperative production among multiple workshops for large-scale tile manufacture over a short period. The study also challenges the previous assumption that the triangular-projection type ① found in the earliest operating kiln represents the initial construction tiles. Given that kiln debris often reflects the final production phase and evidence of multiple firings at the site, including the co-occurrence of both major types within a single kiln (Kiln No. 5), the kiln remains alone are insufficient to establish a chronological sequence. Excavations around the main hall and pagoda site at Wangheungsa yielded both triangular- projection type ① and circular-projection type ① (A, B, C), totaling 240 roof end tiles—56 triangular (23.3%) and 127 circular (52.9%). The type ② variants of both forms share similar decorative and manufacturing features and do not appear at other sites, suggesting they also belong to the original construction set. This dual-tile system likely originated at the Daetongsa site in Gongju and influenced tile traditions in early Japanese Buddhist temples such as Asukadera. The production period of type ① tiles is estimated to be in the late 6th century (post-577 CE), while type ② tiles likely date to the end of the 6th century. The 600 CE construction date suggested in historical texts lacks sufficient support from relative dating of the roof tiles.

키워드