A Computational Study of Hyper-Velocity Impact behavior in a Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 Steel Layered Panel

초록

Hypersonic ballistic impacts are gaining attention as propulsion technologies advance, and spaceborne collision scenarios such as meteoroid encounters also fall within the broader high-velocity impact regime. When deployed as thin sheets, conventional structural metals such as Ti-6Al-4V and AISI 1045 steel can be vulnerable to the intense, short-duration stresses generated during these events. This study investigates the dynamic response of a Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 bi-layer panel subjected to hypersonic aluminum-sphere impact, with particular focus on impact-driven mechanisms including spall-related damage, localized cavitation, and debris cloud development. A computational framework is presented using a modified Johnson-Cook constitutive description coupled with a Grüneisen equation of state, with the impact process is modeled using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation implemented in LS-DYNA. Both symmetric and asymmetric impact configurations are investigated to determine how impact alignment and obliquity affect penetration evolution and associated deformation modes. Special attention is given to how increasing obliquity alters energy partitioning and material flow, as well as how these shifts influence rear-face bulging behavior in the lower AISI 1045 layer. Overall, the study aims to provide design-level insight into optimizing multi-layer metallic shielding and impact-resistant structures exposed to hypersonic debris environments.

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