하시마와 사도광산 유네스코 등재에 대한 한국과 일본의 시각차이 분석

초록

This study compares the perspectives of the Korean media and Japan regarding Japan’s Hashima Island (also known as Battleship Island), which was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2015, and the Sado Mine, which is currently seeking to be designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2023. The analysis was conducted on 479 reports on Hashima Island and 181 reports on the Sado Mine by four major Korean newspapers from 1990 to 2022 using the text mining tool ‘KH Coder.’ The analysis was then compared with the official English brochure of the Meiji Industrial Heritage Information Center in Japan, which was opened in 2020, as well as the English expression of the exhibits. When reporting on Hashima Island, the Korean media frequently used terms like perpetrators, victims, forced labor, and truth distortion, which are also linked to the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery issue. Korean articles emphasized the illegality of labor, using words such as forced labor and forced mobilization. This trend was consistent regardless of whether the newspaper’s tone was progressive or conservative. On the other hand, Japan explains to foreigners through its brochures and its official website using words such as official placement, requisition, repatriation, and migration. In English explanations, Japan describes Koreans as colleagues who achieved industrialization and modernization together and selects words that imply that the working environment at the time was based on independence and autonomy. This difference in perspectives is likely to be reproduced in registering the Sado Mine as of 2023 with UNESCO. Therefore, the registration process and system of UNESCO should be reinforced further.

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