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초록

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have revolutionized display and lighting technologies owing to their flexibility, thinness, and high contrast. A critical challenge in improving OLED brightness and efficiency lies in optimizing charge balance and exciton recombination within the emission layer. Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a central role in modulating these processes by facilitating hole injection, reducing turn-on voltages, and enhancing operational stability. This review summarizes recent advancements in the molecular engineering of HTMs to enhance brightness and luminescence in OLEDs. Key synthetic strategies, including backbone planarization, heteroatom doping, and energy level modulation, are discussed alongside device architecture optimizations. Additionally, the synergistic integration of HTMs with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescent emitters is evaluated for boosting exciton harvesting. Future perspectives on interface design, multi-functional HTMs, and scalable synthesis are also proposed to guide next-generation OLED development. © 2026 Elsevier B.V.

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