High-entropy ruthenium oxides for acidic water oxidation

초록

The acidic oxygen evolution reaction is a cornerstone of Power-to-X conversion technologies, such as proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. However, the practical use of active ruthenium (Ru)-based oxides is limited by electrochemical instability. High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have emerged as promising candidates to overcome these durability challenges. This review provides an incisive analysis of Ru-based HEO design strategies, focusing on how multi-elemental integration modulates the physicochemical environment to suppress Ru dissolution and regulate lattice oxygen participation. We systematically examine the synergy between compositional diversity and structural integrity, evaluating diverse Ru-based HEO architectures. By categorizing stabilization strategies such as lattice distortion and coordination tuning, this review aims to bridge high-entropy theory with the design of robust, high-performance electrocatalysts for next-generation energy systems. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.

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