드와라와띠(Dvāravatī)와 대승불교

초록

In the process of spreading Buddhism, which originated in India, to neighboring countries, it traveled by sea to central India, Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula, and Southeast Asia. In particular, Thailand is a Buddhist country with a Theravada tradition. However, you can find Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva and Avalokitesvara beliefs in temples in Thailand. Avalokitesvara is a faith that represents Mahayana Buddhism. It is presumed that the tradition of Mahayana Buddhism, represented by the Avalokitesvara belief, was introduced to Thailand, a country with a Theravada tradition, at least in the 7th century. And from around the 8th century, Khmer-style Avalokitesvara statues appeared in Prachinburi, which was under the influence of the Khmer Kingdom. Also, around the 9th century, a statue of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara with esoteric colors appeared, which suggests that the Avalokitesvara religion was introduced to Thailand before the 11th century. And the AvalokitesvaraBodhisattva statue discovered in Kubua, Ratchaburi, west of Bangkok, appears to have been created by local people, which means that the Avalokitesvara belief was deeply embedded in the local culture. This meaning emphasizes that the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue coexists with the Buddhist statues of Thai Buddhism, and is also the reason why the Avalokitesvara belief, which is currently mixed in Thai Buddhist culture, can be easily found in many temples in Thailand. In this paper will look for traces of Mahayana Buddhism through the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue that appears in the Dvāravatī civilization in south-central Thailand, and examine the possibility that Buddhism in western Southeast Asia was unified into Sri Lankan southern Theravada Buddhism.

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