루쉰과 루카치— 소설이란 무엇인가

초록

In this paper, we analyzed four of Lu Xun’s novels under the concept of a “problematic individual” that Hungarian literary critic Georg Lukács raised in his The Theory of the Novel. A problematic individual refers to the protagonist discovering a disharmony between his soul and the world order and colliding with it. The concept of pairing with a problematic individual is the world of chance. The world of chance refers to the world opposite to the inevitable, that is, a world filled with the will of God, and seems meaningless to the individual and difficult to overcome. The Diary of a Madman emphasizes the discord between “I” and “the world,” and in that sense, “problematic individuals” and “the world by chance” are well expressed. “The discord with the world” is the basic premise of Lukács’s concept of “problematic individuals,” and The Diary of a Madman in the work not only embodied this well, but also tried to practice the spirit of modernity with a research attitude based on skepticism and demonstration. Through The Diary of a Madman Lu Xun made a “modern human being” of China the main characters of his literary works. Lü Weifu of In the Drinking House can also be called a “problematic individual” in that he is “a hero who discovers the disharmony between his soul and the world order and collides with it,” but he is different from the main character of “I” in The Diary of a Madman is a modern human being who thinks rationally about the absurdity of people eating people and is skeptical. “I” in In the Drinking House also has rational thoughts, but I am no longer enlightening others but living by hanging out with others. The ‘Cogito’ that modern intellectuals have to maintain is faltering. The Loner has a certain inheritance relationship with Lu Xun’s previous works, and the motif of “The Discord between I and the World” presented in The Diary of a Madman is reproduced through Wei Lianshu. In The Diary of a Madman the part where “I” and Lianshu talk about the child’s personality includes “Save the Children...” The motif continues, but optimistic evolutionary positions are rejected. Lianshu’s cry at the grandmother’s funeral is reminiscent of Lukács’s concept of “Dämon”. Lianshu’s emotional cry about his grandmother’s death comes into his ears once again at his funeral, meaning that the three of grandmother, Lianshu, and “I” have “Loner” genealogical chart. At the end of the novel, he realizes that there is a “problematic individual” in “I.” Regret for the Past is a story about the love of young men and women, but it depicts the joy and sadness of love at the same time. In the first half, the atmosphere is heightened around the joy of love, and Juansheng suddenly falls in love and dies of sadness shortly after he is notified of his dismissal. Juansheng’s appearance in the novel and the epic development of the novel go well with Lukács’s saying in The Theory of Novel, “Fiction is a form of mature masculinity.” Lukács historically characterized the modern era through European literary nouns and logically explained the genre of fiction and the concept of ‘problematic individual’ as the protagonist of the novel. On the other hand, Lu Xun gave birth to the ‘modern self’ as a rational being who thinks independently in his work. This is where the two are different in discussing modern novels.

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