AI 드론 안보범죄 위협과 선제적 대응방안

초록

The reported deployment of the Kargu-2 autonomous attack drone during the Libyan Civil War in 2021 and the use of AI-enabled drones in the Russia–Ukraine War demonstrated that autonomous drones incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are evolving into realistic security threats. Furthermore, drone attacks targeting critical infrastructure and military reconnaissance activities suggest that AI drones may emerge as new risk factors affecting both national security and public safety. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the security crime threats posed by AI-based autonomous drones from criminological and national security perspectives and to propose proactive response measures. To achieve this objective, a literature review and case analysis were conducted, utilizing Routine Activity Theory and Situational Crime Prevention Theory as the analytical framework while examining the issue from a hybrid threat perspective. The findings indicate that AI drones have the potential to be utilized for various forms of security crime, including attacks on critical infrastructure, military reconnaissance, the delivery of biological, chemical, and explosive materials, cyber–physical infrastructure disruption, and targeted attacks. Based on these findings, this study proposes an “Integrated Lifecycle Response Model for AI Drone Security Crimes” consisting of prevention, detection and identification, interdiction and neutralization, post-incident response, and feedback mechanisms. This study conceptualizes AI drones as an emerging instrument of security crime and presents an integrated response framework linking national security and crime prevention.

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