南京國民政府시기 北平市 公安局의 성립과 권한 조정

초록

In the era of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, the Peking Police became a department directly under the Northern Peking Municipal Government as the “Public Security Bureau” and specialized in urban policing. This led to a reduction in the authority and status of the Peking Police, but also to the upgrading and specialization of its work. This study examines the process of authority adjustment, which was a prerequisite for the realization of specialization, which was a key agenda of the Public Security Bureau at the time, from the perspective of its achievements and limitations. Chapter II first describes the process of authority adjustment of the Public Security Bureau in the municipal system in relation to other departments. Next, Chapter III examines how the organizational structure of the Public Security Bureau was sustained and changed compared to its predecessor, the Peking Police Department. Finally, Chapter IV analyzes the results of the implementation of the authority adjustment in terms of achievements and limitations. The Public Security Bureau has transferred significant powers that were previously exercised by the Peking Police Department to other departments of the municipal government. The process of authority adjustment was not a smooth one. One of the key issues in this process was the integration of the Public Security Bureau’s expenses into the Finance Bureau. However, due to strong opposition from the Public Security Bureau, this issue ended in a formal acceptance of the demands of the Finance Bureau. Although the authority was transferred, the Public Security Bureau was still involved in and could intervene in individual affairs through crackdown. Most of the new departments did not yet have the human and material foundations to operate independently, so they were unable to properly manage their own affairs without the support of the Public Security Bureau. In this situation, the Public Security Bureau was still directly or indirectly linked to the entire city administration.

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