한글작명법의 문제점과 과제 고찰 - 작명에 따른 현실발음을 중심으로 -

초록

This study examines the problems and tasks of Hangul onomancy (the study of naming) from a phonological perspective. Recognizing and applying practical pronunciation in naming serves as a bridge leading to the validity and rationality of onomancy; thus, investigating various phenomena related to practical pronunciation is a meaningful endeavor. First, Pronunciation Five Elements Onomancy (Baleum Ohang Seongmyeonghak) can be criticized for overlooking the fact that vowels are a core and indispensable condition for actualizing vocal sounds. It also fails to consider the phonological variation phenomena outlined in Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of the Standard Pronunciation Rules. Hangul Composition Onomancy (Hangul Guseong Seongmyeonghak) marks progress by recognizing the importance of vowels, yet its classification of the Yin and Yang of vowels deviates from the principles of Hunminjeongeum. Furthermore, it shares the flaw of ignoring phonological variations in naming. Hangul Consonant-Vowel Formula Onomancy (Hangul Jamo Eumsik Seongmyeonghak) does consider phonological variations because names are created based on actual sounds rather than orthography. However, it still poses problems, such as assigning 'ㅑ, ㅛ' to Yin and 'ㅜ, ㅓ' to Yang, and allowing its Five Elements classification to stray from the Hunminjeongeum system. In Mother-Child Consonant-Vowel Five Elements Onomancy (Mo-ja-eum Ohang Seongmyeonghak), the assigned ratios—30% for initial consonants, 40% for medial vowels, and 30% for final consonants—leave room for reconsideration. Currently, Hangul onomancy offers no discussion regarding the practical pronunciation of vowels. Notably, when a consonant other than the soundless 'ㅇ' appears as the initial sound, one must note that 'ㅢ' is practically pronounced as 'ㅣ'. While the Standard Pronunciation Rules define 11 diphthongs, distinguishing between 'ㅒ' and 'ㅖ', 'ㅖ' and 'ㅒ', and 'ㅖ' and 'ㅔ' has become difficult in reality. Along with this, the practical pronunciations of 'ㅙ, ㅞ, ㅚ' are also losing their distinctiveness. These circumstances inevitably affect the Yin-Yang and Five Elements of vowels in Hangul naming, and ultimately impact the calculation of the Ten Gods (Sipseong). Regarding the Five Elements of consonants, the Unhaebon version assigns the glottal sounds (Huum: 'ㅇ, ㅎ') to Earth (To) and bilabial sounds (Sunum: 'ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅍ') to Water (Su). Conversely, the Haeryebon version assigns bilabial sounds to Earth and glottal sounds to Water. Given that Unhaebon is a research text requiring verification, whereas Haeryebon represents unverified factual truth, schools of thought such as Pronunciation Five Elements, Hangul Composition, and Hangul Consonant-Vowel Formula Onomancy need to be reconsidered. An easily overlooked aspect when naming not only people but also businesses is the representative sound of final consonants (badchim) and the phenomenon of palatalization. In particular, close attention must be paid to the regulation stating that when a final consonant is followed by a substantive morpheme starting with the vowels 'ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅟ', it must be converted into its representative sound before shifting to the first sound of the following syllable. The tasks that Hangul onomancy must overcome regarding consonants are as follows: Pronunciation Five Elements Onomancy must establish the Yin-Yang and Five Elements assignments for consonants, including tensed consonants (fortis), while performing naming with phonological variations in mind. Hangul Composition Onomancy and Hangul Consonant-Vowel Formula Onomancy need to establish a clearer rationale for their consonant-vowel Five Elements assignments, as well as a basis for assigning plain consonants (lenis) to Yang and tensed/aspirated consonants to Yin. Mother-Child Consonant-Vowel Five Elements Onomancy needs to reconsider its ratio breakdown of 30% initial, 40% medial, and 30% final sounds. Regarding vowels, the tasks for Hangul onomancy are Pronunciation Five Elements Onomancy must incorporate vowels into its naming methodology. Hangul Composition Onomancy must achieve a phonologically persuasive assignment of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements to vowels.

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