정부 이전지출의 소득재분배 효과 분석

초록

By exploiting the Survey of Household Finances and Living Conditions over the past 5 years (2017-2021), we investigate the effect of public transfer expenditure on income redistribution and evaluate its cost efficiency. First, descriptive statistics on public transfer income show that public transfer incomes of households have recently increased significantly, particularly among households whose incomes and assets are relatively high. Second, we found that income redistribution have been improved recently; however, at the same time, the cost of income redistribution has also increased, indicating cost inefficiency in public transfer program. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of major government transfer program showed that basic livelihood act was more cost efficient than basic pension, earned income tax incentives, and child birth grant in terms of the cost for redistribution improvement. This can be inferred that this is due to the excessive expansion of the program recipients. In conclusion, our results suggest that the current Korean transfer programs for redistribution should be redesigned to be more fiscally efficient.

키워드