미국의 가상자산 입법동향과 정책방향

초록

Cryptoassets and blockchain technology are emerging as key elements of the digital economy. This paper analyzes the balance between regulation and innovation in the digital asset market in the United States, focusing on the major virtual asset-related bills in the United States, the Financial Innovation and Technology Act for the 21st Century, the Responsible Financial Innovation Act, and the Blockchain Regulatory Clarity Act, and presents the policy direction of Korea based on this analysis. The United States has adopted a comprehensive approach to legal definitions and classifications of digital assets, stablecoin regulations, and strengthening market transparency, and has allowed the institutional incorporation of virtual assets by approving spot ETFs for Bitcoin and Ethereum. On the other hand, South Korea has implemented the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, emphasizing investor protection and transaction transparency, but there are legislative gaps in issuer regulation and stablecoins. The United States has taken a comprehensive approach to legal definitions and classification of digital assets, stablecoin regulation, and strengthening market transparency, and has allowed the institutional incorporation of virtual assets, especially through the approval of spot ETFs for Bitcoin and Ethereum. This paper emphasizes the need to establish a legal framework that supports regulatory clarity and innovation for the sustainable development of the Korean digital asset market based on the US virtual asset legislation and policy trends. This will strengthen the trust in the digital asset market and provide a foundation for securing international competitiveness.

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