고려·조선 시기 부여와 부여사 인식

초록

This article examines how the history of Buyeo was remembered and reconstituted within the historical consciousness of the ruling elites and intellectuals of the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties. In the Goryeo period, perceptions of Buyeo were generally formed in close conjunction with an awareness of succession from Goguryeo. By the late Goryeo period, however, the history of Buyeo came to be linked with Dangun Joseon and was actively incorporated into the Goryeo people’s framework of prehistory. Moreover, the use of the name “Buyeo” within the systems of investiture titles (bongjakje 封爵制) and palace institutions (gungwonje 宮院制) operated during the early and middle Goryeo periods indicates that Buyeo functioned not merely as a mythological origin, but as a historical symbol closely associated with the dynastic and state origins of the Goryeo kingdom. In contrast, the Joseon period witnessed a clear rupture in historical perceptions of Buyeo. Buyeo was excluded from the orthodox genealogical lineage that traced legitimacy from Gija through Mahan to Silla, and was consequently pushed outside the sphere of official historical narratives. The extremely limited references to Buyeo in state-compiled histories of the early Joseon period clearly reflect this structure of perception. From the seventeenth century onward, however, following successive national crises, Joseon intellectual circles began to reassess northern history, and the history of Buyeo once again attracted scholarly attention. Beginning with Jo Jeong’s Dongsa Boyu, North Buyeo and East Buyeo were established as separate entries, and by the time of Han Baek-gyeom’s Dongguk Jiriji and Heo Mok’s Dongsa, Buyeo was systematically described as an independent historical subject. In the eighteenth century, works such as Yi Jong-hwi’s Dongsa and Han Chi-yun and Han Jin-seo’s Haedong Yeoksa · Jirigo further advanced this trend by actively exploring Buyeo’s history and territorial extent through meticulous textual criticism of Chinese dynastic histories and a wide range of other sources. These scholarly endeavors provided the intellectual groundwork for the emergence of modern nationalist historiography, culminating in Shin Chae-ho’s theory of the “Buyeo-centered ethnic lineage.”

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