일본의 저출산 대책 분석을 통한 한국에의 시사점 연구

초록

The decline in the total fertility rate, which has continued for more than 40 years, and the resulting changes in the demographic structure are causing crises in various fields such as economy, labor, welfare, and education. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze Japan’s low birth rate measures and derive implications for Korea by using the four-dimensional policy analysis model of cooper, et, al (2004). The results of the study are as follows. First of all, at the normative level, Japan’s low birth rate policy in the 1990s was focused on reducing the burden of child-rearing costs, while the low birth rate policy in the 2020s focuses on creating a social environment in which the younger generation can be compatible with work and child-rearing. In the case of the compositional dimension, it can be seen that Japan is trying to resolve the low birth rate phenomenon by not only easing the economic burden on parenting families, but also establishing policies and laws that guarantee children’s rights and safety, and establishing administrative organizations. At the compositional level, it can be seen that the Children’s and Families Office of Japan serves as a control tower that has the authority to coordinate child and low birth rate measures. In addition, it was found that in the process of securing the low birth rate budget, interests such as an increase in the medical burden on the elderly generation, an increase in the burden on corporate labor costs, and an increase in the burden of individual health insurance premiums may arise. Finally, at the technical level, the effects of the existing measures for low birth rate in Japan were examined. Japan’s total fertility rate increased from 1.26 in 2005 to 1.45 in 2015, but decreased sharply from 2016 to 1.26 in 2022. On the other hand, the budget invested in measures for low birth rate rose to 6.1 trillion yen in 2022 starting with 1.2 trillion yen in 2004. The implications for Korea are as follows. First of all, it is necessary to agree with the members of society to resolve the low birth rate phenomenon. It is also necessary to pay attention to the stakeholders of the measures against low birth rate. In addition, it is necessary to organize low-income policies and administrative organizations. In addition, as the budget for low birth rate increases, it may be inevitable to freeze and reduce the budget used for existing social security. Care should be taken to prevent blind spots in welfare from occurring in this process.

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