대학 내 성폭력 사건 보고에 영향을 미치는 요인

초록

Sexual harassment and assault on Korean campuses are pervasive problems whose full extent is difficult to measure due to underreporting. However, from 2016 onward, reporting has increased, fueled by growing awareness, shifting social norms, and stronger institutional mechanisms—especially in the wake of the MeToo movement. Despite this trend, reporting rates continue to vary considerably across universities. This study examines the institutional factors that influence the number of sexual harassment and assault counseling cases and complaints processed per university. It also explores how the MeToo movement's rapid spread on campus impacted variations in reporting and case management. Using data from 380 universities that participated in the 2019 National University Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence Survey, we analyzed information on consultations and cases from 2016 to 2018. We also included data on institutional mechanisms (e.g., gender equality centers, preventive education, victim support) and the influence of the MeToo movement. Guided by a feminist perspective, we used negative binomial regression to test three models. Our results show that access to independent gender equality centers, the presence of female student associations, and multiple reporting channels are key mechanisms that facilitate reporting. Furthermore, a more active MeToo presence on campus was associated with a greater number of both counseling cases and processed complaints. These findings highlight the limitations of current institutional policies and underscore the importance of maintaining attention to sexual misconduct and accountability in academic settings, even in a post-MeToo era.

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