공무원의 조직공정성 인식이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 공직실태조사결과를 중심으로

초록

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the relative influence of public officials' perception of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior and examine the mediating effects of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. To achieve this research objective, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted using data from the 2024 Survey on Public Service Life (n=6,075) conducted by the Korea Institute of Public Administration. The results are as follows: First, through confirmatory factor analysis, organizational justice was classified into three dimensions: distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice. Second, out of 11 hypotheses, 7 were supported, showing a 63.6% acceptance rate. Regarding direct effects on organizational citizenship behavior, interactional justice (β=0.156, p<.001) showed a positive effect, while distributive justice (β=-0.149, p<.001) showed a negative effect. This finding, contrary to existing theory, suggests that under the seniority-based pay system of public officials, higher perception of distributive justice actually reduces motivation for extra-role behaviors. Third, mediation analysis revealed that both organizational commitment (β=0.258, p<.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.370, p<.001) had significant positive effects on organizational citizenship behavior, with interactional justice showing the strongest influence on organizational commitment (β=0.636, p<.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.567, p<.001). Fourth, total effect analysis showed that interactional justice (β=0.530) had the strongest positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior. This study theoretically demonstrates that institutional characteristics of the public sector can moderate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. From a policy perspective, it suggests that enhancing interactional justice should be prioritized to improve public officials' organizational citizenship behavior.

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