한암(閑庵) 보환(普幻)의 행적과 서산 개심사 아미타여래좌상의 수보 배경

초록

This paper investigates the activities of Hanam Bohwan and his influence on the repair of the Amitabha statue in Gaesim-sa through the records found in the statue and the preface and postscripts in Bohwan’s Adding and Elimination of the Jie-Huan’s Commentary . When young, Bohwan studied the Surangama-sutra and could not be content with the explanations in the commentaries on the sutra. So he decided to devote the rest of his life as well as next lives until he could had perfect understanding on the deep meaning of it and compose a correct commentary. He wrote his decision in two prayers, the Wish for the wide spread of the Surangama-sutra in 1257 and the Call for the practicing colleagues in 1264. In 1265 he had the chance to give a lecture on the sutra at the Gwiro-am in Ok-gwa prefect, when he made correction notes on the most influential commentary at the time, the Jie-Huan’s Commentary written in China in the 12th century. And after the lecture he wrote his own commentary based on the notes, the Adding and Elimination of the Jie-Huan’s Commentary, and the New Text Analysis of the Surangama-sutra. In 1276 Bohwan presided over the Surangama-sutra lectures held at the Mongye-sa in Hapcheon prefect, where he met the prince monk Gyeongji who was moved by his lecture and helped the publication of his New Text Analysis of the Surangama-sutra. After then Bohwan moved to the Gaesim-sa in Seosan prefect, where he wrote the Prayer for the Recommendation of the Invocation to Three Buddhas and Two Bodhisatvas which recommended the prayer to the Shakamuni, Amitabha and Bhaisajyaguru buddhas as well as Avaokitesvara and Mahasthama- prapta boddhisatvas to get the enlightenment. In 1278 he was invited to the royal palace to give a sermon to King Chung-ryeol, and appointed to the presider for the Surangama-sutra lectures held in the Capital for the safety of King’s trip to the palace of Yuan. Bohwan might have been introduced to the King by KIng’s favorite monk Jo-yeong, who had lived near Ok-gwa prefect and had acquainted with Bohwan. Jo-yeong also asked the preface of Bohwan’s Adding and Elimination of the Jie-Huan’s Commentary to a famous scholar in 1275 when Bohwan prepared the publication. After his safe return to Korea, King Chung-ryeol ordered the Sutra and Statue Repair Office to publish Bohwan’s Adding and Elimination of the Jie-Huan’s Commentary in 1279. In 1280 the Seungjaesaek (Office for Monks’ Meals), the successor or a sub-organization of the Sutra and Statue Repair Office, repaired the Amitabha statue in the Gaesim-sa, where Bohwan resided. In Bohwan’s prayers found in the Amitabha statue hundreds of co-prayers including the officials of the Sutra and Statue Repair Office and the Seungjaesaek, signed their names. We can find monks and commoners, male and female in the names. As the earlier models for the 14th century prayers found in the Buddha statues, these prayers are the first hand materials on the 13th century Buddhist beliefs in Korea.

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