Transformation of layered CoNi-MOF into metallic CoNi encapsulated by N-doped porous carbon as electrode platform for electrochemical purine determination

초록

Fluctuations in purine base levels within the human body play a vital role in supporting overall health and regulating essential physiological processes. However, it is essential to develop highly precise, sensitive, and selective analytical tool for the detection of Guanine (G) and Adenine (A) concentration levels. Herein, this is the first report based on a metal-organic framework-derived bimetallic cobalt-nickel (CoNi) encapsulated N- doped porous carbon (N-PC) was successfully prepared via a two-stage calcination process in presence of melamine. During the calcination process, in presence of melamine induces the formation N-doped graphitic carbon (500 °C for 1 h), meanwhile under inert atmosphere, the continuous release of ammonia with further increase in calcination temperature (900 °C for 2 h), facilitates the formation of metallic CoNi. The synergistic effect of CoNi and the N-PC can modulate the electronic structure of the catalyst, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in electrical conductivity and surface area. Moreover, the unique wrinkled layered morphology with interconnected PC network, and the presence of Co and Ni active sites collectively contribute to the superior electrocatalytic activity of CoNi@N-PC towards the oxidation of G and A in both experimental and practical applications. The developed sensor displayed excellent sensitivity of 0.4 µA/µM/cm2 (G) and 0.51 µA/µM/cm2 (A), with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 µM (G) and 0.3 µM (A), wide concentration range from 0.5 to 150 µM both G and A, respectively. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.

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