중국 국가기술전략(CNTS)으로서의 AI반도체 기술 자립화 전략

초록

This study focuses on China’s strategic pursuit of technological self-reliance in the AI semiconductor industry, confirming that its policies are grounded in National Technology Strategy (NTS) and industrial policy theories. Amid escalating U.S.-China trade tensions, China has prioritized the establishment of a self-sufficient AI semiconductor ecosystem as a critical objective for achieving sustainable economic growth. The United States, as a dominant player in the AI semiconductor field, leverages its NTS through diverse measures such as workforce development, infrastructure investment, tax incentives, and regulatory frameworks to maintain its technological leadership. Despite the prolonged U.S. trade sanctions against China, the latter has advanced its indigenous ecosystem by directly designing and mass-producing AI semiconductors while expanding its influence in the global market for legacy semiconductors. Historically, China relied on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and the recruitment of foreign talent to acquire external technologies for domestic industrial development. However, in the face of restrictions on importing advanced technologies and cutting-edge equipment, China has managed to build a self-reliant AI semiconductor ecosystem. This achievement can be attributed to the implementation of China’s National Technology Strategy (CNTS), which has driven technological innovation and the strategic cultivation of key industries, including AI and semiconductors, at the national level. This paper analyzes the recent developments in China’s AI semiconductor industry, highlighting the research and development accomplishments of major enterprises and the industrial policies that have been instrumental in driving this progress. The findings reveal that China’s five strategic approaches to achieving AI semiconductor self-reliance are not merely reactive responses to U.S. sanctions but represent proactive efforts aimed at securing global leadership in AI semiconductor technologies.

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