출생률과 성 격차: 소득 분류에 따른 국가 간 비교

초록

This study empirically analyzes the factors affecting crude fertility rate using panel data from 2006-2023 for 158 countries, including the World Economic Forum's Gender Gap Index. While total fertility rate is commonly used in previous studies, we use crude fertility rate due to the problem that it may not be a suitable indicator in situations where fertility patterns are shifting, such as delaying the age of childbearing. We also use the World Bank's classification of countries by income to analyze the factors that affect crude fertility rate for a relatively homogeneous group of countries. The results show that economic gender equality is commonly significant among the components of the Gender Gap Index, but its impact varies by country classification. We found a U-shaped relationship in high-income countries, a linear upward trend in middle-income countries, and an inverted U-shaped relationship in low-income countries. This suggests that additional policy efforts are needed beyond a certain level of gender equality, in addition to implementing policies tailored to country-specific characteristics.

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