봉은사 토지의 매각과 국가 정권의 헤게모니 전략

초록

Bongeunsa Temple, located in Seoul’s Gangnam district, is considered one of the most valuable temples in South Korea in terms of both geographical and economic significance. This high valuation is closely tied to the development of the Yeongdong Second District, which played a central role in transforming Gangnam into a “Second Seoul.” This paper takes as its point of departure the sale of approximately 100,000 pyeong (approximately 330,000 square meters) of Bongeunsa land between 1969 and 1971, a period surrounding the development of the Yeongdong Second District. It focuses on the fact that this vast and increasingly valuable land was sold at a low price under the influence of state power. The study examines the Bongeunsa land sale as part of the Park Chung-hee regime’s hegemonic strategy toward the Buddhist community. The Park regime exerted both direct and indirect influence over the Buddhist community, employing a combination of coercion and incentives to exert hegemony. This paper analyzes the land sale process as a manifestation of this strategy. The analysis is organized around three main issues: (1) the political motivations behind the sale of Bongeunsa land, particularly the regime’s need to secure political funds; (2) the legal violations involved in the transaction, specifically the sale of temple precincts, which was prohibited by law; and (3) the potentially unlawful and anti-social nature of the transaction, including the government’s deception of the Buddhist order and possible breach of fiduciary duty by the Jogye Order's administration. As a preliminary step, this study analyzes the schism within Korean Buddhism and the Park Chung-hee regime’s control over Buddhist institutions. It also systematically examines the process of the Bongeunsa land sale and the subsequent opposition to it.

키워드