증각 홍척(證覺 洪陟)과 실상산문(實相山門)의 선풍에 관한 고찰

초록

Jeung-gak Hongcheock (證覺 洪陟) was a founder of Silsangsanmun (實相山門, the school of Silsangsan), one of the Gusanseonmun (九山禪門, the Seon Schools of Nine Mountains) in the late Silla and early Goryeo periods. By identifying the characteristics of Seon style developed by Hongcheok and the subsequent Seon masters of Silsangsanmun, this study aims to re-establish their significance in the history of Korean Seon thought. Returning to Silla after learning Nanzong-Chan (南宗禪, the Southern School of Chan) from Xitang Zhizang (西堂 智藏, 735-814), Hongcheok first opened the Seon school, centered on Silsangsa (實相寺), with the support of the royal family. Sucheol (秀澈, 815-894), his disciple, continued to connect with the royal family and led the development of Silsangsanmun. We can summarize the philosophical trend of Silsangsanmun appearing in Hongcheok and Sucheol's activities as the Seon style which harmoniously combined Seon with Gyo (敎, the theories and doctrines), folk beliefs, and actual participations. They accepted Hwaeom (華嚴) theories and combined Seon and Gyo. It appears that the sense of succession in Xitang's style played the background role. Additionally, they did not reject folk beliefs, such as mountain beliefs, but instead utilized them to spread the instructions of Seon. As part of the missionary work, they also engaged in practical participatory activities such as court preaching and the creation of iron Buddha. Hongcheok and Silsangsanmun were pioneering examples of the combined practice of Seon and Gyo in Korean Seon, and contributed to the settlement and dissemination of Seon through embracement of folk beliefs and actual participation.

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